When issues arise within the family unit or domestic relationships get out of hand, family law is the branch of judicial problem solving that deals with a wide range of family-related issues. Throughout the United States, it is the family courts that often handle the heaviest caseload, as many jurisdictions tackle concerns that deal with gaining custody of a child to dealing with the proper procedure of finalizing a divorce. Within the system, family law cases extend to the wealthiest of local residents to the poorest of single-parent families. No social or economic class has been spared the family court system when any area of family law is involved.

When two people wish to get married, they have to go through family law to get the proper approval needed to continue their wedding plans. The same goes for civil unions and domestic partnerships. A civil union provides same-sex couples the rights, benefits, and responsibilities much like the parameters associated with married opposite-sex couples. Domestic partnerships recognizes relationships between two people who live together in a domestic setting that have chosen not to enter traditional marriage, common-law marriage, or a civil union.

Family law then deals with the legal issues that arise during marriage. They will step in when married couples inflict harm upon one another. They will oversee adoption processes and settle surrogacy issues. When a parent abducts his or her own child, family law will be called upon to hear out the case. Child abuse is also an important branch of the law that falls under the most pressing family-related concerns. When the relationship between two people has soured and the termination of their union has arrived, family law will deal with the matters concerning divorce and annulments. They will see that property settlements and alimony payments are arranged. In the United States, the responsibilities of the parents are dealt with under family law, such as custody hearings, visitation rights, and child support awards.